Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau o ke apo paheʻe

Apo Paheʻe Uila

ʻO ka hana o ke apo paheʻe, ʻo ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka wili ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohuli i 360° e pale aku i nā uea mai ka wili ʻana a me ka hihia ʻana. Aia nā rotors a me nā stators, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka mana e kahe ana i ka wā e wili ai ka motika uila. Inā ʻaʻohe apo paheʻe, hiki iā ia ke wili wale ma kahi kihi palena. Me nā apo paheʻe, hiki iā ia ke wili i 360°. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kāna i nā lako hana automation, no laila ua kapa ʻia nā apo paheʻe he mau hui, nā apo paheʻe o kēia au manuahi, nā hinges uila, a pēlā aku. Nui nā inoa, a he ʻokoʻa nā inoa o nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

Apo Paheʻe Hydraulic

ʻO ke apo paheʻe pneumatic ka apo paheʻe pneumatic, ʻo ke apo paheʻe hydraulic ka apo paheʻe hydraulic, ʻo ka pneumatic a me ka hydraulic ʻelua mau apo paheʻe wai.

Apo Paheʻe Fiber Optic

ʻO nā ʻano mea o nā apo paheʻe fiber optical e komo pū me ke kapa kila a me nā kapa kila, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui penei:

1. Ka helu o nā kahawai - i kēia manawa hiki i ke apo paheʻe fiber optical ke hiki i nā ʻumi o nā kahawai mai 1 kahawai.

2. Ka nalu hana - ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, ka mālamalama infrared. 1310, 1290, 1350, 850, 1550, ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo 1310 a me 1550.

3. ʻAno olonā ʻōpika: ʻO nā ʻano olonā ʻōpika e komo pū ana me ka ʻili hoʻokahi a me ka ʻili-nui. ʻO nā ʻano ʻili hoʻokahi e komo pū ana me 9v125, a ʻo ka mamao hoʻoili o ka ʻili hoʻokahi ma ke ʻano maʻamau he 20 kilomita. ʻO nā ʻano ʻili-nui e komo pū ana me 50v125 62.5v125, a ʻo ka mamao hoʻoili o ka ʻili-nui he 1 kilomita. (9v125: 9: ke anawaena kukui waena o ka ʻōpika, v: v mika, 125: ke anawaena waho o ka refractor) ʻO ka pohō hoʻoili o ka ʻili hoʻokahi he 1 km = pohō 1dB, a ʻo ka pohō hoʻoili o ka ʻili-nui e like me 1 km = 10/20dB. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka olonā ʻōpika ʻili hoʻokahi.

4. ʻAno hoʻohui: Nui nā ʻano hoʻohui, e like me FC, SC, ST a me LC. Ua māhele ʻia ka māhele FC i PC, APC a me LPC. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pilina PC, a hoʻohana wale ʻia ʻo APC a me LPC i nā hihia kūikawā o ka pohō hoʻihoʻi. He pilina ʻāpana maʻamau ʻo PC me ka pilina pālahalaha. He mau pilina chamfered ʻo APC a me LPC. He ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka chamfer LPC. He mea hoʻohui wili ʻo FC i hana ʻia me ka metala. He mea hoʻohui snap-on ʻo ST i hana ʻia me ka metala. He mau plug pololei plastik ʻo SC a me LC. He poʻo plastik nui ko SC a he poʻo plastik liʻiliʻi ko LC. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka fiber optical i nā lako kamaʻilio.

5. Ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohuli ʻana, ka wahi hana, ka mahana a me ka makū.
No ka hoʻoili ʻikepili kūloko ka fiber optical.

Hui Hoʻopololei RF

ʻO ka hui wili RF e pili pinepine ana i nā alapine ma luna o 300 MHz. No ka hui wili ka hoʻoili ʻikepili mamao loa. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hui wili RF a me nā olonā optical i ka manawa like. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hui wili RF a me nā apo paheʻe uila i ka manawa like.
Ua māhele ʻia nā hui wili RF i nā hui coaxial a me nā hui waveguide. ʻO nā hui coaxial he mau hui hoʻoili pili me kahi ākea alapine ākea, hiki ke hiki i ka DC-50G, ma ke ʻano maʻamau DC-5G, a ma ka liʻiliʻi DC-3G. ʻO nā hui waveguide he mau hui hoʻoili pili ʻole, me kahi passband (ka helu pass hanauna), maʻamau 1.4-1.6, 2.3-2.5. Pono nō hoʻi ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka helu o nā kahawai, ka laulā alapine, ka wikiwiki, ke kaiapuni hana, ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka pīpī paʻakai, a pēlā aku. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā noi i hoʻohana nui ʻia he hoʻokahi-channel a me dual-channel, a i kekahi manawa 3-channel a me 4-channel. ʻOiai 5-channel. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o 3-channel, 4-channel a me 5-channel he kiʻekiʻe loa.

Nā Palena ʻenehana nui o ke apo paheʻe uila

1. Ka Uila Hana - Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia apo paheʻe kahi uila hana i helu ʻia i kēlā me kēia loop i hoʻohana ʻia, akā ʻo ka uila i helu ʻia o ke apo paheʻe ua kaupalena nui ʻia e ka nui o ka mea insulation a me ka hakahaka. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka uila huahana hoʻolālā i helu ʻia e alakaʻi i ka insulation maikaʻi ʻole, ka haki ʻana o loko, a me ka puhi ʻana.

2. Au i helu ʻia - ʻO nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke apo paheʻe ʻo ia ke apo a me ka mea pili palaki. ʻO ka wahi pili a me ke alakaʻi e hoʻoholo i ke au kiʻekiʻe loa e hiki ai i ke apo paheʻe alakaʻi ke lawe. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke au hana i helu ʻia, e piʻi koke ka mahana ma ke kiko pili, e hoʻonui ai i ka ea ma ke kiko pili a hoʻokaʻawale i ke kiko pili a hoʻomehana. I nā hihia palupalu, e hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka pili, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, e hōʻino loa ʻia ke apo paheʻe alakaʻi a hāʻule.

3. Ke kū'ē'ē ʻana o ka insulation-ʻO ke kū'ē'ē ʻana o ka conduction ma waena o kekahi apo o ke apo paheʻe conductive multi-loop a me nā apo ʻē aʻe a me ka pūpū o waho. ʻO ke kū'ē'ē haʻahaʻa o ka insulation e hana i ka hoʻopilikia, nā hewa bit, crosstalk, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hōʻailona kaohi, a e hana ʻia nā huna ahi a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ma lalo o ke ana kiʻekiʻe.

4. Ikaika insulation - ka hiki o nā ʻāpana insulating a me nā mea insulating i loko o ke apo paheʻe e kū i ke voltage. Ma keʻano laulā, no nā insulators, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kū'ē voltage.

5. Ke kū'ē'ē pili - he hōʻailona e wehewehe ana i ka hilinaʻi pili o ke apo paheʻe alakaʻi. ʻO ka nui o ke kū'ē'ē pili e pili ana i ka hui friction pili, ke ʻano mea, ke kaomi pili, ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili pili, a pēlā aku.

6. Ke kū'ē'ē pili ikaika - ka laulā o ka loli o ke kū'ē'ē ma waena o ka rotor a me ka stator ma kekahi ala o ke apo paheʻe alakaʻi ke hana nei ke apo paheʻe alakaʻi.

7. Ola o ke apo paheʻe - ʻO ka manawa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke apo paheʻe a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o kekahi loop o ke apo paheʻe.

8. Ka wikiwiki i helu ʻia - i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kumu he nui, me ke ʻano o ka hui friction pili, ka noʻonoʻo kūkulu, ka pololei o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, ka pololei o ka ʻākoakoa, a pēlā aku.

9. Hana palekana - Ma muli o ke kaiapuni hoʻohana maoli o ka mea kūʻai aku, e loaʻa nā koi no ka pale wai, pale pahū, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku. Hiki i kā mākou pae palekana huahana ke piʻi a hiki i ka IP68, a aia pū kekahi mau apo paheʻe pale pahū. I kēia manawa, ʻo mākou wale nō ka mea hana apo paheʻe alakaʻi ma Kina i loaʻa ka palapala hōʻoia pale pahū.

Hōʻailona analog a me ka hōʻailona kikohoʻe

Hōʻailona Analog: Hiki i kā mākou huahana ke hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona analog haʻahaʻa alapine (frequency), nā nalu sine me nā alapine ma lalo o 20MHz/s, a me nā nalu huinaha me nā alapine ma lalo o 10MHz/s. Ma hope o ka hana kūikawā, hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ka 300MHz/s. ʻO ke Crosstalk ke kekelē hoʻopili o ka hōʻailona, ​​ma dB. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lakio signal-to-noise o ka hāmeʻa, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka walaʻau e hana ai. ʻO ka crosstalk o 20dB ua like ia me ka lakio signal-to-noise o 1%, ʻo 40dB ua like ia me ka lakio signal-to-noise o hoʻokahi tausani, a ʻo 60dB ua like ia me ka lakio signal-to-noise o hoʻokahi ʻumi tausani.

Hōʻailona kikohoʻe: He ʻano nalu huinaha ia. Hiki i kā mākou huahana ke hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona kikohoʻe me ka wikiwiki bit o 100M. Ka wikiwiki o ka nalowale ʻana o ka packet: ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka nalowale ʻana o ka packet o nā packets ʻikepili he 5 ʻāpana no ka miliona, 5PPM. ʻO ke kamaʻilio manawa maoli he kamaʻilio serial, SDI, ʻaʻohe lohi, 20MHz/s. ʻO ke kamaʻilio lohi he kamaʻilio nīnau duplex piha, kamaʻilio like, me ka lohi, 100M bit rate.

Uea Coaxial

ʻO ke ʻano impedance o 75 ohms he wikiō analog, me nā ʻōnaehana PAL a me ka hoʻolaha. ʻO ke ʻano impedance o 50 ohms ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana wikiō kikohoʻe LVDS, he ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hui wili. Hoʻohana ʻia ka coaxial i loko o 20MHz, a hoʻohana ʻia nā hui ma luna o 200MHz.
Hōʻailona hana: kahi hōʻailona i hana ʻia e kahi lako mana, me ka anti-interference ikaika, e like me ka hōʻailona hoʻololi
Hōʻailona Passive: nāwaliwali ka pale ʻana i ke komo ʻana, hōʻailona i hana ʻia me ka passive. E like me nā thermocouples ʻano K a me T, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe <800 degere, pili i nā hōʻailona voltage, ʻike i ka voltage, a hāʻawi ʻia ke ʻano uea e ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe me nā kaula uku a i ʻole nā ​​​​kikowaena. ʻO ke kūpaʻa Platinum he kūpaʻa wela haʻahaʻa, <200 degere, a he kiʻekiʻe nā koi no ke kūpaʻa dynamic.

Hoʻoili ʻana o Optical

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka optical e ka mea hoʻoili, ka mea noʻonoʻo a me ke kumu kukui. ʻO 9/125 ke ʻano hoʻokahi, me ka mamao hoʻoili lōʻihi, ka attenuation liʻiliʻi a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 50/125 62.5/125 he multi-mode, me ka mamao hoʻoili pōkole, ka attenuation nui a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. Hiki i kēlā me kēia kahawai o ke kukui ke hoʻoili i nā hōʻailona he nui a i ʻole ka mana, ma muli o nā hiki modulation a me demodulation o nā lako a puni. Hiki i hoʻokahi kahawai o ka hoʻoili kukui ke hoʻokō i hoʻokahi loaʻa a hoʻokahi hoʻouna. Hoʻoili mana <10 watts.
Hoʻomohala ʻia ka loulou kāmela mai ka ʻenehana loulou Channel. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻenehana loulou Channel, hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona hoʻokele hoʻoili a wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau kūlana hoʻoili pili. Hiki ke hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia kekahi huahana me ka logo "Camera link". Hoʻopilikino ʻia, hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kūlana loulou Kāmela e ka American Automation Industry Association AIA. Hoʻoponopono ka ʻaoʻao loulou Kāmela i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili wikiwiki.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka Interface

ʻEkolu mau hoʻonohonoho o Camera Link: Base, Medium, a me Full. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka nui o ka hoʻoili ʻikepili. Hāʻawi kēia i nā hoʻonohonoho kūpono a me nā ʻano hoʻohui no nā kāmela o nā wikiwiki like ʻole.
Kumu
Noho ke kumu i 3 mau awa (aia i loko o kahi ʻāpana Channel Link 3 mau awa), 1 ʻāpana Channel Link, ʻikepili wikiō 24-bit. Hoʻohana kekahi kumu i hoʻokahi awa pili. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua mau pilina kumu like, lilo ia i pilina kumu pālua.
Ka wikiwiki hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe loa: 2.0Gb/S @ 85MHZ
Waena
Waena = 1 Kumu +1 Loulou Kanal kumu
Ka wikiwiki hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe loa: 4.8Gb/S @ 85MHZ
Piha
Piha = 1 Kumu + 2 Channel Link kumu ʻāpana
Ka wikiwiki hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe loa: 5.4Gb/S @ 85MHZ
E nā kānaka a pau, hiki iā ʻoukou ke hoʻonohonoho i ka nui kiʻekiʻe maʻalahi iā ʻoukou iho e like me ke ʻano hana aʻe, e hoʻopaʻa iā ia,
1A ~ 3A apo keleawe 1.2 ~ 1.5mm, (ke kiʻekiʻe ke koi nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho iā ia e like me 1.2 lālani, ke kiʻekiʻe ʻole ke koi nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho iā ia e like me 1.5 lālani, a i ka wā ma luna o 80 ke anawaena o loko, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho iā ia e like me 1.5 lālani)
5A, apo keleawe nui 1.5mm
10A: apo keleawe 2mm
20A: apo keleawe 2.5mm
Spacer 1 ~ 1.2mm, e hoʻohui i ka 1mm no kēlā me kēia piʻi ʻana o ka voltage 1000v
Helu o nā mea hoʻokaʻawale: e hoʻohui i hoʻokahi mea hoʻokaʻawale hou aʻe no kēlā me kēia apo

ʻIke Uila

ʻO ke anakahi uila kū i ke kūlana maʻamau: anakahi uila x2 + 1000v
Ke kū'ē'ē'ana o ka insulation: 5MΩ a'oi aku paha ma 220v (ma'amau 500MΩ)
Kēia manawa: ʻO ka motika ʻekolu-pae kuʻuna I = 2P, hoʻohana maʻamau i 70% o ka mana i helu ʻia
Ka wikiwiki o ka laina: ʻO ka maʻamau 8-10m / s, hiki i ka mālama kūikawā ke hiki i ka 15m / s
Ka hana ʻana i nā huahana pale wai a me nā ʻano o nā mea kūkulu:
Hiki i nā huahana wai ʻole FF-pae ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni ua o waho, ʻo ke kila kalapona a i ʻole ke kila kila me ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili, pili ke ola i ka wikiwiki, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻololi i ka mea sila (sila aila iwi) e lākou iho.
Hiki i nā huahana wai ʻole F-level ke hoʻololi wale i ka pīpī pōkole, hana ʻia ka mea me ka alumini alloy, a palupalu iki ka mea.
ʻO nā huahana palaki i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa i nā huahana o ka hui ʻo ia ka tetrafluoroethylene a me ka PPS. Loaʻa iā Tetrafluoroethylene nā mea koʻokoʻo, hiki ke mīkini ʻia, akā ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka mahana a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻololi. He liʻiliʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka PPS a he paʻakikī maikaʻi. He mea maikaʻi ia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection, akā ʻaʻohe mea koʻokoʻo.

Hōʻailona LVDS

ʻO ka Low Voltage Differential Signaling, kahi ʻano hoʻoili hōʻailona i hāpai ʻia e National Semiconductor i ka makahiki 1994, he kūlana pae. ʻO ka interface LVDS, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka RS-644 bus interface, he ʻenehana hoʻoili ʻikepili a me ka interface i ʻike wale ʻia i nā makahiki 1990. He hōʻailona ʻokoʻa voltage haʻahaʻa ʻo LVDS. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻenehana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka swing voltage haʻahaʻa loa e hoʻoili i ka ʻikepili ma ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka pilina point-to-point a i ʻole point-to-multipoint. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, ka helu hewa bit haʻahaʻa, ka crosstalk haʻahaʻa a me ka radiation haʻahaʻa. Hiki i kāna mea hoʻoili ke pili keleawe PCB a i ʻole ke kaula kaulike. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo LVDS i nā ʻōnaehana me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka pono o ka hōʻailona, ​​​​ka jitter haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻano maʻamau.

Hōʻailona Pae TTL

ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano binary, like ka +5V me ka logic "1", like ka 0V me ka logic "0", i kapa ʻia ʻo TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic Level) signal system, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana maʻamau no ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hāmeʻa i kāohi ʻia e ka mea hana kamepiula.

ʻenehana loulou kāmela

He ʻano hoʻoili wehewehe kiʻekiʻe ka loulou kāmela. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia mai ka ʻenehana loulou Channel. Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona hoʻokele hoʻoili ma ke kumu o ka ʻenehana loulou Channel, a ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau kūlana hoʻoili pili. Hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pilina: ʻEkolu mau hoʻonohonoho o ka pilina loulou kāmela: Base, Medium, a me Full. Hoʻoponopono nui ia i ka pilikia o ka nui o ka hoʻoili ʻikepili, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho kūpono a me ka hoʻopili ʻana no nā kāmela o nā wikiwiki like ʻole.

HD-SDI

ʻO SDI (serial digital interface) kahi "digital component serial interface". ʻO HD-SDI kahi digital component serial interface wehewehe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO HD-SDI kahi kāmela hoʻolaha kiʻekiʻe manawa maoli, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me ka wehewehe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ke kūlana loulou serial SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) a hoʻouna i nā wikiō kikohoʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ma o kahi kaula coaxial 75-ohm. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ʻia nā interface SDI i SD-SDI (270Mbps, SMPTE259M), HD-SDI (1.485Gbps, SMPTE292M), a me 3G-SDI (2.97Gbps, SMPTE424M).

Mea hoʻopāʻālua

He mea hana e hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona uila a i ʻole ka ʻikepili i loko o kahi ʻano hōʻailona e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Encoders i ʻelua mau māhele e like me kā lākou kumu hana: nā encoders incremental a me nā encoders absolute. Wahi a ko lākou mau waiwai ponoʻī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā encoders photoelectric a me nā encoders magnetoelectric.

Mea Hoʻopili Motika Servo

He sensor i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka motika servo e ana i ke kūlana pou magnetic a me ke kihi wili a me ka wikiwiki o ka motika servo. Ma muli o ke ʻano kino, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā encoders motika servo i nā encoders photoelectric a me nā encoders magnetoelectric. Eia kekahi, he encoder servo kūikawā nō hoʻi ka mea hoʻololi rotary.

Kahua ʻIke Optoelectronic

ʻO ke kahua ʻike maka optoelectronic kahi huahana wikiō ʻike akamai anti-intrusion e hoʻohui i ka mālamalama, nā mīkini, ka uila, a me nā kiʻi. Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻano sensor like ʻole e like me ke kiʻi wela, ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, nā lens telephoto wehewehe kiʻekiʻe, ke kukui laser a me ka ranging, a hiki ke hoʻokō i ka nānā ʻana i nā wā āpau 24-hola a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua. Loaʻa i ka huahana nā hana e like me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa kiʻi, ka hahai akamai, ke kūlana a me ka ranging, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻikepili. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mana palena ʻāina, ka pale ʻana i ka palekana koʻikoʻi, ka ʻimi a me ka hoʻopakele anti-terrorism, nā dute anti-smuggling a me ka anti-drug, ka nānā ʻana i nā moku mokupuni, ka ʻimi kaua, ka pale ʻana i ke ahi ululāʻau, nā kahua mokulele, nā hale hana mana nukelea, nā kahua ʻaila, nā hale hōʻikeʻike, a pēlā aku.

ROV

Kaʻa mamao a i ʻole ka lopako wai

Radar

ʻO Radar ka unuhi ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo Pelekania ʻo Radar, ʻo ia hoʻi "ka ʻike ʻana i ke lekiō a me ka ranging", ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano lekiō e ʻike i nā pahuhopu a hoʻoholo i ko lākou mau kūlana spatial. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo radar ʻo "radio positioning". He mea uila ʻo Radar e hoʻohana ana i nā nalu electromagnetic e ʻike i nā pahuhopu. Hoʻopuka ka Radar i nā nalu electromagnetic e hoʻomālamalama i ka pahuhopu a loaʻa iā ia kāna echo, no laila e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e like me ka mamao mai ka pahuhopu a i ka wahi hoʻokuʻu nalu electromagnetic, ka wikiwiki o ka loli o ka mamao (ka wikiwiki radial), azimuth, a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka radar e komo pū ana me: radar ʻōlelo aʻo mua, radar huli a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo, radar ʻike kiʻekiʻe lekiō, radar aniau, radar hoʻomalu kaʻa mokulele, radar alakaʻi, radar kuhikuhi pū, radar kiaʻi kahua kaua, radar interception mokulele, radar hoʻokele, a me ka radar pale ʻana i ke kuʻi ʻana a me ka radar ʻike hoaaloha a ʻenemi paha.